실습 내용

1. Power Generation

• determination of the effective resistance of stator and exciter windings of the alternator

• determination of the mechanical and iron losses of the alternator

• recording the open‐circuit curve at various speeds

• determination of the ohmic and stray losses of the alternator

• recording the short‐circuit curve at various speeds

• calculating the synchronous reactance

• recording the response of the alternator operating with the excitation and speed kept constant under different types of load

• recording the regulation characteristics at different power factors

• determination of the conventional efficiency of the alternator using the open‐ and short‐circuit test results

• becoming familiar with various lamp circuits used to connect an alternator

• in parallel to a constant‐voltage constant‐frequency system

• parallel operation using a synchronoscope

• response of the alternator on a constant‐voltage constant‐frequency system

• recording the V‐curves (Mordey curves) of the synchronous motor

2. Power Transmission and Distribution

• determination of the vector group of the three‐phase transformer

• determination of the voltage transformation ratio of the transformer operating at no‐load

• determination of the current transformation ratio of the transformer operating with short‐circuit

• determination of the equivalent circuit quantities based on the consumed active and reactive power

• measurement of the effect of the load type and magnitude on the performance of the secondary voltage

• determination of the efficiency of the transformer

• investigation of the zero‐impedance of the three‐phase transformer with various connection modes

• examination of the load capacity of the secondary side using a single‐phase load with different connection modes on the primary side

• determination of the influence of a delta stabilizing winding

• demonstration of the possibility of utilizing a three‐phase transformer in economy connection (autotransformer)

• measurement of the voltages in no‐load operation

• concept of operating capacitance

• line model with increased operating capacitance

• measurement of current and voltage relationship of an over‐head line in matched‐load operation; interpretation of the terms: characteristic wave impedance, lagging and leading operation, efficiency and transmission losses

• measurement and interpretation of the current and voltage ratios of a transmission line during a three‐phase shortcircuit

• measurement and interpretation of the current and voltage ratios of a transmission line with mixed ohmic‐inductive and pure inductive loads

• measurement and interpretation of the current and voltage ratios of a transmission line with mixed ohmic‐capacitive and pure capacitive loads

• investigation on the performance of a transmission line with isolated neutral point connection in the case of a fault to earth

• measurement of the earth‐fault current and the voltage rise of the faulty phases

• determination of the inductance of an earth‐fault neutralizer for the overhead line model

• investigation on the performance of a transmission line with a fault and comparison of the current values with those determined during earth‐fault with isolated neutral point system

• measurement of the fault currents of asymmetrical short‐circuits and comparison of the results with those for a three‐phase fault

• investigation on the effect of parallel compensation on the voltage stability at the load and the transmission losses of the line

• investigation on the effect of series compensation on the voltage stability at the load

• use of measurement techniques to determine the zero‐phase sequence impedance of the overhead line model and comparison of this value with the theoretical one

• measurement of the voltage distribution in the series connection of two lines without operating capacitances

• measurement of the voltage distribution in the series connection of two lines with operating capacitances

• measurement of the voltage distribution in the parallel connection of two lines without operating capacitances

• measurement of the voltage distribution in the parallel connection of two lines with operating capacitances

<Busbar systems ‐ GTU102.4>

• operation of a switching station with two busbars and different voltages

• busbar transfer with interruption of the power supply to the consumer

• busbar coupling and bus transfer without interruption of the power supply to the consumer

• switching sequence for disconnectors and power circuit breakers

3. Protection Techniques

• demonstration of how an under/over voltage time relay monitors the protection of a load against under‐ and overvoltage

• demonstration of the protection of a transmission line connected in a solid earthed network, when there is a threephase, two‐phase or single‐phase short‐circuit

• demonstration of how an earth‐fault warning relay monitors the transmission line for an earth fault in a network with isolated neutral connection

<Instrument transformers ‐ GTU103.1>

• determination of the transformation ratio of a current transformer for various primary currents and investigation on the influence of the load on the transformation ratio

• explanation of the terms: ratio error (current error), accuracy class and rated accuracy limit factor

• test on the performance of the current transformer at over‐current

• assembly of the common current transformer circuit for measurement on three‐phase network

• measurement of the zero‐phase sequence current of a three‐phase system

• measurements on a summation current transformer

• demonstration of the principle of differential protection

• determination of the transformation ratio of a voltage transformer for various primary voltages and investigation on the influence of the load on the transformation ratio

• explanation of the terms: ratio error (voltage error) and accuracy class

• assembly of the common voltage transformer circuit for measurements in three‐phase network

• measurement of the residual voltage in a three‐phase system with a fault to ground

• assembly of a voltage transformer circuit in open delta connection

• measurement of the three conductor voltages on symmetrical and asymmetrical loads

• connection of an under/over voltage relay in a three‐phase net‐ work and investigation on its behaviour with respect to under and overvoltages

• determination of the resetting ratio of an under/over voltage relay

• measurement of the operating time of an under/over voltage relay

• connection of a definite time over‐current relay in a three‐phase network and investigation on its behaviour with respect to different settings

• determination of the resetting ratio of a definite time over‐current relay

• measurement of the operating time of a definite time over‐current relay

• connection of an inverse time over‐current relay in a three‐phase network and investigation on its behaviour with respect to different settings

• measurement of the operating time of an inverse time over‐current relay

• investigation on an earth‐fault relay

• check of the operate time set

• demonstration of an earth‐fault alarm in a three‐phase network

• reaction to so‐called transient earth faults

• investigation on a directional earth‐fault relay behaviour for effective currents and on the direction of operation

• investigation on a combined over‐current and earth‐fault relay behaviour connected in a solid earthed three‐phase network

• demonstration of how the external blocking input works

4. Energy Utilization

<Power factor improvement ‐ GTU104.1>

• demonstration of the manual operation on the control of reactive power at various inductive loads

• demonstration of the automatic operation on the control of reactive power at various inductive loads and at different sensitivities

• demonstration of the measurement of active energy consumption

• demonstration of the measurement of reactive energy consumption

• determination of the meters constant

• demonstration of the measurement of the maximum demand

• demonstration of load cut‐off operation

모 듈

Variable three‐phase power supply Variable DC power supply Line model

DL 1013T1 DL 1013T2 DL 7901TT

Three‐phase transformer Resistive load Inductive load

DL 1080TT DL 1017R DL 1017L

Capacitive load Shunt DC motor Three‐phase synchronous machine

DL 1017C DL 1023PS DL 1026A

Three‐phase squirrel cage asynchronous motor Magnetic powder brake Brake control unit

DL 1021 DL 1019P DL 1054TT

Optical transducer Load cell Universal base

DL 2031M DL 2006E DL 1013A

Electronic tachometer Experiment transformer Three‐phase power supply

DL 2025DT DL 1055TT DL 2108TAL‐SW

Variable DC power supply Power circuit breaker Double busbar with two disconnectors

DL 2108T01 DL 2108T02 DL 2108T02/2

Double busbar with four disconnectors Line capacitor Petersen coil

DL 2108T02/4 DL 2108T03 DL 2108T04

Ct load Vt load Under/over‐voltage time relay

DL 2108T10 DL 2108T11 DL 2108T12

Inverse time three phase over current and earth

fault relay Definite time over‐current relay Combined over‐current and earth‐fault relay

DL 2108T13 DL 2108T14 DL 2108T15

Directional relay L/C loads Multifunction three phase overvoltage / undervoltage relay

DL 2108T16 DL 2108T17 DL 2108T18

Reactive power controller Switchable capacitor battery Moving coil ammeter

DL 2108T19 DL 2108T20 DL 2109T1A

Moving coil ammeter Moving iron ammeter Moving iron voltmeter

DL 2109T2A5 DL 2109T5A DL 2109T1PV

Moving iron voltmeter Synchronization indicator Phase sequence indicator

DL 2109T3PV DL 2109T1T DL 2109T2T

Double frequencymeter Double voltmeter Single‐phase current transformer

DL 2109T16/2 DL 2109T17/2 DL 2109T21

Three‐phase current transformer Single‐phase voltage transformer Three‐phase voltage transformer

DL 2109T22 DL 2109T23 DL 2109T24

Summation current transformer Power meter Power factor meter

DL 2109T25 DL 2109T26 DL 2109T27

Three‐phase power meter Synchronoscope Three‐phase active and reactive energy meter

DL 2109T29 DL 2109T32 DL 2109T34

Moving coil ammeter Moving coil voltmeter Electronic stopclock

DL 2109T1AB DL 2109T2VB DL CRON

Acoustic continuity tester Connecting leads Three‐phase transformer

DL BUZ DL 1155GTU DL 2100‐ATT